Abnormal sperm parameters
- Necrozoospermia:
- Patients who occasionally may present 100% immotile sperms.
Causes: infections (E.coli chronic prostatitis or immobilizing antisperm antibodies).
- Patients who occasionally may present 100% immotile sperms.
- Absolute necrozoospermia (when all sperms are dead) : in case of axonemel defects such as immotile cilia syndrome.
- Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia:
- The cause is unknown.
- Causes of aspermia:
- anejaculation due to spasm (functional);
- obstruction to ejaculatory ducts;
- retrograde ejaculation;
- nocturnal emissions;
- vibratory/electroejaculatory sample;
- prostatic massage;
- retrograde ejaculation-retrieval of sperm from bladder;
- transrectal aspiration from dilated seminal vesicle/seminal vesicle cyst.
- Azoospermia:
- Obstructive azoospermia:
- Postinfection:smallpox,tuberculosis,nonspecific infections;
- Postsurgical obstruction:hydrocele,inguinal hernia repair,vasectomy;
- Congenital bilateral absence of vas/blind ending vas/spermatocele;
- Ejaculatory duct obstructions.
- Nonobstructive azoospermia:
- SCOS (Sertoli cell only syndrome),germ cell aplasia;
- maturation arrest;
- hypospermatogenesis;
- fibrosis and atrophy;
- postmumps orchitis;
- cryptorchidism;
- torsion testis;
- chronic epididymoorchitis;
- surgical implantation of testis into thigh;
- postchemotherapy.
- Obstructive azoospermia:
From same category
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